Towards Free Education

There are two types of costs in education: direct and indirect costs. Direct costs comprise mainly of school fees, a one-time registration fee at the beginning of the school year, and a set of monthly fees. Average monthly spending is about Rp. 20,000.- (equivalent to approx. USD 2).- for primary school and Rp. 50,000.- (equivalent to approx. USD 5).- for junior secondary school students. The FBE did not mandate that all schools waive off these fees. Instead, it was an option for schools to waive off school fees in return for a ‘block grant’ as compensation for revenue loss. In addition, direct costs also include travelling and school supplies costs. Altogether, these costs pose a significant burden to low-income households. As in other countries, for education to be free, direct costs should be largely be waived off by the government.

However, as it is, Indonesia ranked the lowest among 47 countries (including more “backward” countries such as Uruguay, Kazakhstan and Laos) in its total education spending as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – measuring only at 1.5% of GDP. Although the budget for 2009 has been increased, there is still a loud cry for the involvement of non-profit organizations, international NGOs, individuals and the private sector to lessen the burden of low-income households to achieve ‘education for all’.

The barriers to free education, as gargantuan as they already are, do not stop there. The greater challenge to free education lies in the indirect costs, or the opportunity costs of putting a child into school. Opportunity costs are the forgone wages in the labor market or loss contributions to household activities. For example, the wages a child brings home from working in a factory, or the farm yield from his efforts. For low-income households, this cost is often higher than the costs of school fees and supplies. When the basic survival needs of a household are not met, families need as many pairs of hands possible to make day’s ends’ meet – they do not need brains.

This perception that short-term gains are more important than long-term investment through education of a child must be changed. Although understandable, this perception has created a reality for many low-income households, and worse, a future that is not any better for their children. On this view, the government and other organizations must do more than contribute money and waive off school fees. They must instead, spend time and effort to aggressively propagate a change of mindset among the poorest levels of society, to prevent the perpetuation of a vicious cycle of poverty.

Admittedly, the real solution of lowering opportunity costs to education is in improved economic conditions in the lower-income levels. However, that will take decades to achieve. Furthermore, we cannot expect better economic conditions in this level without first educating its people. There is no way out except through education.

In its 2009 Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report, UNESCO placed Indonesia 71st out of 129 countries surveyed, down from 62nd in 2007 and 58th in 2006. This shows that instead of progressing in enabling education for all, Indonesia has been slipping down the ladder. Because of the existence of high opportunity costs to education in this country, an ‘iron fist’ approach from the top might not necessarily work. Therefore, the challenge for Indonesia is how it will strategize and galvanize effort from all levels of society to approach this issue from a community-based approach.

The change in mindset towards education has to be generated from the top level but transmitted at the grass root level, with trained change agents including community leaders, principals, village heads, teachers, parents and volunteers.

If not, education in Indonesia will never be free, even if monetarily it is.

* Sapto Handoyo Sakti is Sampoerna Foundation’s Communication Director. He was formerly the Senior Manager of Communications and Outreach at a leading international non government organization in Indonesia.He holds a Post Graduate Diploma in Communication Management from Massey University, New Zealand.


Source: www.vivanews.com

New Google Earth features host of educational tools

Google Earth 5 was just released and includes a host of new tools that educators can tap in the classroom. Google Ocean is being touted in particular, allowing users to interact with 3D maps of the ocean floor, courtesy largely of US Navy data. However, I found the databases and interactive features associated with the ocean views to be a lot more useful educationally than floating around the ocean floor.

Google has partnered with National Geographic, the BBC, Cousteau’s Ocean World, and several others to provide a wealth of information about everything from the global fishing crisis to footage of shipwrecks. Marine life census data, scientific expeditions, and countless links to information outside Google Earth make this a free treasure trove for science, social studies, geography, and even math teachers (how better to learn about coordinate systems?).

While the feature set of Google Earth 5 (still in beta, of course) is too vast to explore in a morning, this is really a must-download for teachers and students. Best of all, it works on Windows, OS X, and Linux, and I have it working solidly on our Windows terminal servers. I just had to turn off my Santa Tracker since it kept pulling me from Bermuda ship wrecks to the North Pole.